JSON Viewtool documentation for the dotCMS Content Management System

The JSONTool allows you to call local or remote json-based RESTful web services and parse the results for inclusion in a velocity template, page or widget. The following examples show how to use the JSONTool and JSONObjects with JSON in dotCMS.

• Methods
• Retrieve and Parse External JSON ($json.fetch and $json.post)
  • Usage
  • Example
  • Parsing Arrays and Loops
  • Limiting JSON Results
  • Handling Alternate JSON Array Formats
  • Perform a JSON Post ($json.post)
• Create JSON Objects ($json.generate)
  • Usage
  • Example
    
  • Parse Internal JSON Files
• Toolbox.xml Configuration

Methods

By default, the JSONTool is mapped in the Velocity Context with the variable name $json:

• $json == com.dotmarketing.viewtools.JSONTool

The following methods are supported:

| generate | $json.generate( Object ) | Generate JSON objects from Java objects, strings, or maps.

Retrieve and Parsing External JSON ($json.fetch)

The $json.fetch(), $json.put(), $json.post() methods both retrieve and parse JSON from a URL you supply. The methods return a JSON object whose properties can be traversed via the . (dot) operator.

These two methods behave very similar in most respects. For example, both methods allow you to retrieve JSON data from an external web API, both allow you to send headers with the request, and both return a traversible JSON object. There are 2 main differences between the fetch() and post() methods:

• The fetch() method uses an HTTP GET to submit the request, while the post() method uses an HTTP POST.
• Since it uses a POST instead of a GET, the post() method allows you to send data with the request.

Usage

The $json.fetch() method calls HTTP GET and can be called in any of the following ways:

$json.fetch( URL )
$json.fetch( URL, Timeout )
$json.fetch( URL, Headers )
$json.fetch( URL, Timeout, headerMap )

The $json.post() method calls HTTP POST and can be called in any of the following ways:

$json.post( URL, headerMap, rawData )
$json.post( URL, Timeout, headerMap, rawData )
$json.post( URL, headerMap, paramMap )
$json.post( URL, Timeout, headerMap, paramMap )

The $json.put() method calls HTTP PUT and can be called in any of the following ways:

$json.put( URL, headerMap, rawData )
$json.put( URL, Timeout, headerMap, rawData )
$json.put( URL, headerMap, paramMap )
$json.put( URL, Timeout, headerMap, paramMap )

Timeout Parameter

The timeout specifies the total time to wait to both make the connection and perform the read. The Import Tool will automatically kill the connection after the specified time, regardless of what state the import is in (even if it is in the middle of a read). Therefore the timeout should be greater than the time it takes for both the connection and read of the JSON resource.

Note:

• The timeout is specified in milliseconds (not seconds).
• If no timeout value is specified, the default timeout is used.
  • The default value may be changed by modifying the URL_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT property in the dotmarketing-config.properties file.
  • Important: It is strongly recommended that all changes to the dotmarketing-config.properties file be made through a properties extension file.

Headers Parameter

You may pass headers to be sent with the JSON request. This may be necessary, for example, to perform a fetch from a server that restricts access to certain types of clients (such as regular browsers) by checking the User Agent header.

The headers must be in a map, with each header to be passed consisting of both a header label and a header value.

The following code demonstrates how to generate and use the headers map:

#set($headers = {})
#set($dummy = $headers.put("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0"))
#set($results = $json.fetch("http://www.omdbapi.com/?t=Battlestar%20Galactica&y=&plot=short&r=json", $headers))

Form Parameters

You may pass form params to be sent with the request. This may be necessary, for example, to POST data to a server.

The form params must be in a map, with each param to be passed consisting of both a string key and a string value.

The following code demonstrates how to generate and use the param map:

#set($headers = {})
#set($params = {})
#set($dummy = $params.put("firstName", "Will"))
#set($dummy = $params.put("lastName", "Ezell"))
#set($results = $json.put("https://demo.dotcms.com/testing",$headers, $params))

Raw Data

You can send raw json data as well - just pass the json in as a fully formed json string

#set($headers = {})
#set($data = "{'firstName':'Will','lastName','Ezell'}")
#set($results = $json.put("https://demo.dotcms.com/testing", $headers, $data))

Example

The following example fetches a JSON object from an external site and displays different properties of the object.

#set($myjson = $json.fetch("http://www.omdbapi.com/?t=Battlestar%20Galactica&y=&plot=short&r=json"))

<p>The title is: $myjson.Title</p>
<p>The year is: $myjson.Year</p>
<p>The rating is: $myjson.Rated</p>

The results of the code above are:

The title is: Battlestar Galactica
The year is: 2004–2009
The rating is: TV-14

Parsing Arrays and Loops

If the JSON property is an array, you can loop over the array using Velocity's #foreach directive:

#set($myjson = $json.fetch("http://imdbapi.poromenos.org/json/?name=battlestar%"))

#foreach($show in $myjson.shows)
    <p>$show.name ($show.year)</p>
#end

The code above lists every version of the Battlestar Galactica television show, including the year it was broadcast.

Limiting JSON Results

To limit the number of results returned in the JSON query, use Velocity $foreach.count and #break directives to exit the #foreach loop as soon as the count is met. The following example limits the previous code to only display 3 results:

#set($myjson = $json.fetch("http://imdbapi.poromenos.org/json/?name=battlestar%"))

#foreach($show in $myjson.shows)
   #if( $foreach.count > 3 )
      #break
   #end
   <p>$show.name ($show.year)</p>
#end

Handling Alternate JSON Array Formats

The JSONTool handles JSON arrays in certain specific formats automatically; however JSON arrays can be formatted in different ways, and for some JSON array formats, additional processing may be required to be able to iterate through the array results. If you can not iterate over a JSON array using the standard loop syntax (above), you must first read the JSON array and create a JSON object from it, and then iterate over the JSON object, as in the following example:

#set($jsonData = $import.read("http://imdbapi.poromenos.org/json/?name=battlestar%"))
#set($jsonData = "{data:${jsonData}}")
#set($jsonObject = $json.generate($jsonData))
#foreach($show in $jsonObject.data)
   <p>$show.name ($show.year)</p>
#end

Passing Data to a Post

The format and contents of the Data object passed with the post() method must match the requirements of the API/URL the post is being sent to. The Data object is created in the same way as the Headers object used in both the fetch() and post() methods.

#set($data    = $contents.getEmptyMap())
#set($dummy   = $data.put("Query", "+contentType:news"))
#set($results = $json.post($url, $data))

Create JSON Objects ($json.generate)

The $json.generate() method generates JSONObjects from Java Objects,Strings or Maps. The JSON object values can be populated with static or dynamic content from your dotCMS instance.

Usage

$json.generate( Object )

Example

The following code generates a JSONObject from a java.collections.Map, demonstrating how to serve a JSON object from your site.

#set($mymap = $contents.getEmptyMap())
#set($dummy = $mymap.put("one","value 1"))
#set($dummy = $mymap.put("two","value 2"))
#set($dummy = $mymap.put("three","value 3"))
#set($myjson = $json.generate($mymap))

<p>$myjson</p>

<p>The value of key "one" is: $myjson.one</p>

The code generates the following results:

{"two":"value 2","one":"value 1","three":"value 3"}
The value of key "one" is: value 1

Parse Internal JSON Files

The following example code will allow you to parse JSON files that are stored on the dotCMS file system. Since the #include directive is only aware of files on the system and not files in dotCMS's virtual file system, use $webapi.getAssetPath to convert the virtual path to the system path, and then $json.generate to convert the file contents into a variable.

#define($file)#include($webapi.getAssetPath("/your/dotCMS/file/path/data.json", $host.identifier))#end
#set($data = $json.generate($file.toString()))  

-Thanks to Leonardo Bell for providing this example :-)

Toolbox.xml Configuration

The following example shows how the JSONTool is mapped in the toolbox-xml file:

    <tool>
        <key>json</key>
        <scope>application</scope>
        <class>com.dotcms.rendering.velocity.viewtools.JSONTool</class>
    </tool>